Sɛ́ carbon material abusua no muni titiriw no, graphite nkratafa da dwuma a wɔde di a ɛtrɛw adi wɔ ahoɔden, ɛlɛtrɔnik, nnuru a wɔde yɛ adwuma, ne wimhyɛn mu esiane sɛ ɛyɛ hyew ne anyinam ahoɔden a ɛkɔ so yiye, nnuru a ɛma ɛyɛ den, ne mfiri ahoɔden nti. Wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu no, esiane sɛ nneɛma ho nyansahu ne mfiridwuma anya nkɔso ntɛmntɛm nti, nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ wɔ graphite nkrataa ho no akɔ so ayɛ kɛse, na ɛde nkɔso kɛse aba wɔ nhyehyɛe no ho nhyehyɛe, adwumayɛ a wɔde di dwuma yiye, ne dwumadi ahorow a wɔde di dwuma mu.
1. Graphite krataa a wɔde siesie nneɛma ho mfiridwuma .
Ahosiesie kwan a wɔfa so yɛ graphite nkratafa no nya wɔn microstructure ne macroscopic su so nkɛntɛnso tẽẽ, na ɛno nti ɛda so ara yɛ nhwehwɛmu beae titiriw. Sɛnea wɔtaa yɛ no, wɔtaa yɛ graphite nkratafa denam compression molding anaa high-temperature graphitization of natural flake graphite so, nanso saa akwan yi ma density ne uniformity a ɛwɔ hɔ no sua. Wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu no, nhwehwɛmufo ayɛ ahosiesie akwan foforo ahorow, a nea ɛka ho ne nnuru a wɔde yɛ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew (CVD), polymer a edi kan a wɔsakra no, ne akwan a wɔde afrafra (sɛ nhwɛso no, graphite a wɔde resin, dade, anaa nkuku) ayɛ.
Wɔn mu no, CVD mfiridwuma tumi de graphite films a ɛyɛ papa gu substrate so. Ɛdenam mframa a ɛyɛ adwuma (te sɛ methane, hydrogen, ne argon) dodow a wɔhwɛ so ne ɔhyew a ɛwɔ so no so no, wobetumi adi graphite ntoatoaso ne aburow kɛse so pɛpɛɛpɛ. Bio nso, pyrolytic graphitization a egyina polymer precursors te sɛ polyimide (PI) so nso atwetwe adwene kɛse. Saa kwan yi de-temperature treatment (a ɛboro 2800℃) no di dwuma de carbonize na wɔsan hyehyɛ organic matter kɔ graphite nhyehyɛe mu. Graphite nkratafa a efi mu ba no da ɔkwan a ɛkorɔn ne ɔhyew a ɛkɔ mu yiye adi.
2. Adwumayɛ mu Nkɔso ne Nsakrae Ho Nhwehwɛmu .
Graphite nkratafa no adwumayɛ a ɛyɛ papa no twe adwene si ɔhyew a ɛkɔ so, anyinam ahoɔden a ɛkɔ mu, mfiri ahoɔden, ne sɛnea ɛko tia nsɛe so titiriw. Ɛdefa ɔhyew a ɛkɔ mu ho no, nhwehwɛmufo ahu sɛ graphite nkratafa ntam kwan a ɛkɔ ntam no kɔ soro (te sɛ nea ɛnam rolling-aboa kwan so) betumi ama wɔn IN-plane thermal conductivity no atu mpɔn kɛse. Graphite nkratafa bi a ɛkyerɛ kwan kɛse no, ɔhyew a ɛkɔ mu no boro 1500 W/(m·k). Ɛdefa anyinam ahoɔden a ɛkɔ mu ho no, nnuru a wɔde di dwuma te sɛ nitrogen ne boron anaasɛ ɛde nneɛma a ɛhyɛ den te sɛ carbon nanotubes ne graphene ba no betumi ama wɔn ɛlɛtrɔnik akwantu no atu mpɔn kɛse.
Wɔ mfiridwuma ahoɔden ho no, bere a graphite nkratafa wɔ ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn a ɛma nhyɛso yɛ den no, wɔn ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe ne wɔn a ɛyɛ den no sua koraa, na ɛto wɔn a wɔde di dwuma wɔ adesoa mu-bearing structures ano hye. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔadi eyi ho dwuma no, nhwehwɛmufo ahwehwɛ ano aduru te sɛ carbon fiber-reinforced graphite composites ne graphite/metal composite sheets, a ɛma mfiridwuma mu nneɛma nyinaa nya nkɔso denam-ahoɔden a ɛto so abien-phase nneɛma a wɔde ba no so. Bio nso, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔde bedi dwuma pɔtee (te sɛ nnuru a ɛbɔ ho ban no), wɔde mfiri a wɔde kata nneɛma so (te sɛ nikel a wɔde akata so, SIC a wɔde kata so, anaa Al21 a wɔde kata so) di dwuma de ma graphite nkratafa a ɛko tia nsɛe no yɛ kɛse.
3. Nkɔso a aba wɔ dwumadie a wɔde di dwuma mu .
Graphite nkratafa no su soronko no ama ɛsom bo wɔ mfuw ahorow mu. Wɔ ahoɔden fã no mu no, wɔde-thermal conductivity graphite sheets di dwuma kɛse wɔ lithium battery thermal sohwɛ mu, semiconductor device heat dissipation, ne solar thermal conversion systems. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde graphite nkrataa di dwuma sɛ ɔhyew a wɔsɛe no wɔ anyinam ahoɔden kar batere mu, na ɛma batere no mu hyew so tew yiye na ɛma batere no nkwa nna yɛ kɛse.
Wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri mu no, wɔde graphite nkratafa, esiane sɛ ɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛyɛ papa nti, wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔmansin board a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nneɛma a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden ho ban, ne nneɛma a ɛma ɔhyew a wɔsɛe no ho nneɛma ma ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a ahoɔden wom. Bio nso, graphene-graphite composite sheets a wɔreyɛ no de ano aduru a ebetumi aba ma nea edi hɔ-awo ntoatoaso a ɛkorɔn-frequency electronic mfiri ahorow no ma. Wɔ nnuruyɛ adwuma mu no, graphite nkrataa, esiane wɔn a ɛkorɔn-temperature ne corrosion-ɛko tia nneɛma nti, yɛ ade a eye ma reactor linings, sealing materials, ne soro-temperature filters.
4. Daakye nhwehwɛmu akwankyerɛ .
Ɛwom sɛ graphite sheet nhwehwɛmu anya nkɔso pii de, nanso nsɛnnennen da so ara wɔ hɔ, te sɛ ɛka kɛse a wɔbɔ wɔ nneɛma akɛse a wɔyɛ ho-de nneɛma a wɔyɛ no yɛ kɛse ne sɛnea ɛnyɛ yiye wɔ mmeae bi a ɛyɛ hu no. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ daakye no betumi atwe adwene asi nneɛma a edidi so yi so:
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2. Multifunctional Integrated Design: Ɔhyew, anyinam ahoɔden, ne mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa denam nhyehyɛe a wɔabom ayɛ so;
3. Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛyɛ den yiye a ɛma wotumi yɛ nsakrae: adesua a ɛfa bere tenten-bere a graphite nkratafa no gyina pintinn wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro, mframa a ano yɛ den, anaasɛ nsɛe a emu yɛ den ase;
4. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛreba a wɔbɛhwehwɛ mu: Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma wɔ quantum device cooling, space technology, ne biomedical nneɛma mu.
Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a, graphite krataa nhwehwɛmu renya nkɔso ntɛmntɛm. Ɛnam nkɔsoɔ a ɛkɔ so wɔ mfiridwuma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, adwumayɛ sohwɛ, ne dwumadie a wɔde di dwuma mu nti, ne dwumadie wɔ-afiri a wɔde yɛ adwuma a ɛkɔ soro ne nnwuma a ɛreba a ɛyɛ ɔkwan pa so no bɛyɛ adeɛ a ɛho hia kɛseɛ.
