1. Nneɛma a Wɔyɛ no Titiriw

Graphite packing gland yɛ nhyɛsoɔ-adeɛ a wɔde di dwuma titire a wɔayɛ no titire ama graphite packing a ɛne no hyia (graphite packing a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, graphite packing a wɔahyɛ no den, ne nea ɛkeka ho). Ne dwumadie titire ne sɛ ɛbɛdane bolt pre-tightening force akɔ nhyɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ pɛ mu, ahyɛ graphite packing no mu ma ahyɛ nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda nnwinnadeɛ a ɛtu (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, shafts) ne stuffing boxes ntam-na ɛnam so ayɛ ahotosoɔ, low-friction sealing interface. Saa interface yi siw leakage of media (nsu, gas, steam) yiye bere a agye axial/radial displacement kakra a ɛkyinkyini afã horow.

Ne gyinapɛn atitiriw no da adi wɔ:

Ɛyaw a ɛtaa ba wɔ atetesɛm mu nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma mu nhyehyɛe ahorow mu, te sɛ nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma mu a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ne nsɔano a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a nhyɛso a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw de ba no ho dwuma a wobedi;

Ɛne graphite a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma ahorow ne nea wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, graphite a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma a ɛho tew, Inconel-graphite a wɔde ahyɛ mu den), a ɛfata ma mfiridwuma mu nnwinnade ahorow ntam nkitahodi (pɔmpɛ, valve, reactors)

Graphite packing nkwa nna a wɔbɛtrɛw mu denam preload a ɛbɛkɔ so atra hɔ pintinn, a ɛkɔ so, ne ɛka a ɛbata mpɛn pii a wɔde sesa nneɛma ho a wɔbɛtew so.

2. Mfiridwuma mu Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Sɛ yɛreka nnwuma gyinapɛn (API 682, ISO 3704) ne user-customized parameter data a ɛtrɛw ho asɛm a, mfiridwuma ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu no te sɛ nea edidi so yi:

Parameter Nkyekyɛm	Nkyerɛkyerɛmu/Range
Nneɛma a Wobɛpaw	304 dade a ɛnyɛ den, 316/316L dade a ɛnyɛ den, Hastelloy C-276, carbon dade (Q235B, galvanized)
Size Range a Ɛwɔ Hɔ	Mfinimfini ntwemu (ID): Φ5mm ~ Φ200mm; Akyi ntwemu (OD): Φ15mm ~ Φ280mm; Thickness: 8mm ~ 50mm (titiriw akɛse a wotumi sesa)
Ɔhyew a Ɛfa Ho	-200 digrii ~ 600 digrii (mframa/oxidizing wim tebea); -200 digrii ~800 digrii (wim a ɛnyɛ adwuma, s.e., nitrogen/argon)
Nhyɛso a Ɛfa Ho	Ennu anaasɛ ɛne 40MPa yɛ pɛ (nhyɛso a ɛnsakra); Ennu anaasɛ ɛne 35MPa yɛ pɛ (nhyɛso a ɛyɛ den, a ɛfa agyan a ɛkyinkyini ho) .
Packing Size a Ɛfata	Φ5mm ~ Φ50mm (kurukuruwa, ahinanan, anaa ahinanan mmeamudua- ɔfã a wɔde kyekyere)
Surface Roughness a Ɛyɛ Fɛ	Inner bore: Ra Ennu anaasɛ ɛne 1.6 μm yɛ pɛ; Abɔnten so: Ra Ennu anaasɛ ɛne 3.2 μm yɛ pɛ
Bolt Hole Nsiesiei a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma	Tokuru dodow: 4-16 (wɔkyekyɛ mu pɛpɛɛpɛ); Aperture: M6 ~ M30 (metric) / 1/4 "~ 1" (ahemman)
Ahoɔhare a Ɛsen Biara a Ɛyɛ Linear	Ennu anaasɛ ɛne 20m/s yɛ pɛ (ɛfata wɔ shafts a ɛkyinkyini ho, ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde graphite a ɛyɛ ahoɔhare kɛse -siw) .
Nneɛma a Ɛko Tia Nsɛe	304/316 dade a ɛnyɛ den: Ɔtwam nnɔnhwerew 500 sɔhwɛ a wɔde petepete nkyene so; Hastelloy C-276: Nsɛe kɛse biara nni 10% hydrochloric acid aduru mu

3. Nneɛma Titiriw a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Gyina data akɛse nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa mfiridwuma mu nsɔano ahwehwɛde ho (a ɛkata nsɛe a ɛkorɔn, nsiesie a ɛnyɛ den, adwumayɛ tebea a ɛtrɛw a ɛsakra, ne nea ɛkeka ho) so, graphite packing glands wɔ su atitiriw a edidi so yi:

(1) no. Durable & Corrosion-Nneɛma a ɛko tia a wɔpaw

Mfiridwuma mu dade titiriw a mfiri ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn ne nea ɛko tia nsɛe a wɔbɛfa:

304/316 dade a ɛnyɛ den: Ɛfata ma nneɛma a ɛporɔw wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so (sɛ nhwɛso no, ngo, acid a ɛyɛ mmerɛw);

Hastelloy C-276: Ɛfata ma nneɛma a ɛporɔw kɛse (sɛ nhwɛso no, sulphuric acid, chlorine gas);

Carbon dadeɛ a wɔakata so: Ɛho ka-ɛyɛ papa, ɛfata ma nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛnyɛ-nsɛe.

Saa nneɛma yi ko tia oxidation, nnuru a ɛtwetwe, ne ɔhyew a ɛsakra, na ɛma ɛyɛ adwuma bere tenten-a wotumi de ho to so wɔ mmeae a emu yɛ den.

(2) no. Structural Design ma Nsɔano a Ɛyɛ Yiye

Nhyehyɛe atitiriw abien:

Integral type: Ɛfata ma nketewa-diameter shafts/valves; ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔde besisi hɔ, na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ nsu bɛtwetwe no sua;

Split type: Ɛfata ma nnwinnade akɛse-diameter anaasɛ on-site siesie; ɛho nhia sɛ wɔpaapae shaft no mu, na ɛtew bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma no so bɛboro 40%;

Precision-machined inner bores: Surface roughness Ra Ennu anaasɛ ɛne 1.6 μm yɛ pɛ, ɛne shafts/valve stems hyia yiye na wɔakwati "side leakage" a ɛnam nsonsonoe a ɛboro so so;

Bolt ntokuru a wɔakyekyɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ: Hwɛ sɛ ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma ansa na wɔatumi ayɛ no kari pɛ, a esiw mpɔtam hɔ nhyɛso a ɛboro so anaasɛ nhyɛso a ɛba fam a ɛwɔ graphite packing no ano.

(3) no. Wide Adwumayɛ Tebea Adptability

Graphite packing adwumayɛ a ɛne adwumayɛ tebea a emu yɛ den gyina ano a ɛne no hyia:

Ɔhyew dodow: -200 digrii ~600 digrii (mframa/oxidizing wim); ɛkɔ soro kodu digrii 800 wɔ wim tebea a ɛnyɛ adwuma ase bere a wɔde nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma a ɛyɛ hyew kɛse ho no;

Nhyɛsoɔ a ɛwɔ mu: Ennu anaa ɛyɛ pɛ 40MPa (nhyɛsoɔ a ɛntena hɔ), a ɛfata ma nhyɛsoɔ a ɛkorɔn-pɔmpɛ ne reactors wɔ petrochemical ne nuklea ahoɔden mfuo mu;

Nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ a ɛne ne ho hyia: Ɛne mfiridwuma mu nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ dodow no ara hyia, a ngo, nnuru a wɔde siw ano, acid/alkali (pH 2-14), nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛkɔ soro, ne mframa a ɛnyɛ adwuma ka ho.

(4) no. Easy Maintenance & Adwumayɛ ho ka a ɛba fam

Adjustable pre-tightening force: Wobetumi asan ahyɛ bolts mu den bere a wɔreyɛ adwuma de atua packing wear no ka, na ɛtrɛw seal nkwa mu mpɛn 2-3 sɛ wɔde toto fixed glands ho a;

Nsusuwii a emu yɛ hare: 30% a ɛyɛ hare sen dade ntini a ɛwɔ nkyerɛkyerɛmu koro no ara, a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ-beae no so na wɔde si hɔ;

Nnwinnade titiriw biara nhia: Wobetumi de safe a wɔde di dwuma daa awie na wɔaboaboa ano, na ɛtew adwumayɛfo ka so.

4. Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma a Wɔtaa De Di Dwuma

Gyina wiase nyinaa adetɔn ho nsɛm ne wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no nsɛm a wɔka ho nhwehwɛmu so no, wɔde graphite packing glands di dwuma kɛse wɔ dynamic sealing scenarios mu ma rotating/linear motion equipment wɔ nnwuma atitiriw mu:

Nnwumayɛbea Dwumadibea	Nnwinnade a Wɔde Si Hɔ	Nsɛm a Wɔde Di Dwuma Pɔtee
Petrochemical Nnwumayɛbea	Centrifugal pɔmpɛ, apon ano valve ahorow	Shaft seals a wɔde yɛ pɔmpɛ a wɔde fa ngo a wɔmfa nhyehyɛ mu; Valve dua a wɔde hyɛ mu ma acid-base reactor discharge valves (nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ: ngo a wɔmfa nhyehyɛ mu, hydrochloric acid, ethylene glycol) .
Tumi Ahoɔden	Steam turbines, nsu a wɔde ma aduan pɔmpɛ	Shaft seals ma condensate pumps wɔ ɔhyew tumi units mu; Valve packing sealing ma nuklea ahoɔden aboa nhyehyɛe (nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ: ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn-ɔhyew steam, demineralized nsu) .
Nnuruyɛ Nnwuma	Sanitary-grade centrifuges, afrafra tank ahorow	Shaft seals a wɔde yɛ nnuru a wɔde frafra nsukorabea a ɛnyɛ ɔyare mmoawa; Nsɔano a wɔde kyekyere nsuo a wɔde fa anom nsuo a wɔde fa pɔmpɛ mu (a ɛne FDA 21 CFR Ɔfã 177.2600 gyinapɛn hyia, efĩ biara nni hɔ a ɛtɔ)
Dade Ho Nnwumayɛbea	Slurry pɔmpɛ, fononoo a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ hyew	Shaft seals ma dade afiri a wɔde yɛ slurry pɔmpɛ; Valve stem sealing ma blast furnace mframa a ɛyɛ hyew valves (media: high-temperature slag slurry, mframa a ɛyɛ hyew)
Aduan & Nsã	Homogenizers, nsu a wɔde yɛ nsu	Shaft seals a wɔde yɛ nufusu homogenizers; Packing seals ma juice transfer pumps (ade: 316L dade a ɛnyɛ den, rust-adanse na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛhohoro)